Distance Between Teacher and Students During Class, Group and Individual Classes

Kazimierz Mikulski

doi:doi:10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11

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Distance Between Teacher and Students During Class, Group and Individual Classes

Kazimierz Mikulski

Published in Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 28 January 2022 Accepted: 23 February 2022 Published: 7 May 2022

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Abstract

The research related to the context of proxemics, carried out at the turn of 2013-2021, during teacher-student classes, during which information and communication technology (ICT) was used, was included in the following publications: "Digital school proxyemics", "Digital space teacher in the context of proxemics" and "Teaching programming in the context of proxemics" and "Robotics in education in the context of proxemics". Also in the context of proxemics, completed study "Digital competences in education in the context of proxemics". Research studies give delegations to undertake a comparison, at least only of selected issues, occurring during the research and included in the studies. It should be realized that presenting selected research results in one comparison, despite other subject areas, does not violate the very idea of comparison. It can be easily noticed that both ICT and learning programming as well as elements of robotics in education are issues in the field of computer science, and digital competences are a good complement to these issues. The issues raised in the research are one of the teaching priorities in Polish education. One of the many issues included in the above-mentioned studies is the distance between the teacher and students during classes with the class, group and individual work with selected people in the class. The research posed a problem: what is the most frequently adopted distance (and thus the sphere) during classes with students and does the distance change if the form of working with these students changes? The conducted survey conducted on the educational platform of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego) and the collection of data from the above-mentioned studies indicate the dominant distance for the personal sphere in each case, with the simultaneous shift of results in the case of working with a group or individually. The reproducibility of the obtained results is noticeable, despite the variety of research areas. The latest survey, carried out during a remote (pandemic), slightly brings different information to comparison. The curves obtained on the basis of the obtained data have the general shape of Gaussian curves, which proves a well-chosen research sample, which consisted of teachers from several provinces, working in various educational institutions. The obtained results from the research will allow both teachers and producers of teaching aids to properly prepare and conduct classes with students at various levels of education.

Published in	Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11
Page(s)	46-56
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Teacher and Student, Distance, Relations, Zone, Proxemics, IT, Programming, Robotics, Digital Competences

References

[1]	E. T. Hall’a (The Hidden Dimension, 1969) Ukryty wymiar, Warszawa 1976, Wyd. PIW.
[2]	Hall, E. (1987), The silent language, Warsaw: PWN.
[3]	Skorny Z., Prace magisterskie z psychologii i pedagogiki, Warszawa 1984, s. 26.
[4]	Brzeziński J., Elementy metodologii badań psychologicznych, Warszawa 1984, PWN, s. 22. ibidem s. 24.
[5]	Łobocki M., Wprowadzenie do metodologii badań pedagogicznych, wyd. 5, Wydawnictwo „Impuls”, Kraków 2006.
[6]	Pilch T., Zasady badań pedagogicznych. Wrocław 1977, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, s. 51.
[7]	Garstka W., Komunikacja niewerbalna a terapeutyczna rola nauczyciela, [w] Życie Szkoły, Nr 7, 1999 r. s. 483.
[8]	Mikulski K., Nauka programowania w kontekście proksemiki, Wyd A. Marszałek, Toruń 2018 r. s. 70.
[9]	Mikulski K., Proksemika cyfrowej szkoły, Wyd A. Marszałek, Toruń 2014 r.
[10]	Mikulski K., Nauczyciel cyfrowej przestrzeni w kontekście proksemiki, Wyd A. Marszałek, Toruń 2017 r.
[11]	Mikulski K., Nauka programowania w kontekście proksemiki, Wyd A. Marszałek, Toruń 2018 r.
[12]	Królikowski T., Mikulski K., Robotyka w edukacji w kontekście proksemiki, Wyd A. Marszałek, Toruń 2020 r.
[13]	Mikulski K., Nauka programowania nowym wyzwaniem (zadaniem) edukacji, [w] A. Kozubska (red).
[14]	R. Maciałek (red), P. Ziółkowski (red), Edukacja – Rodzina – Społeczeństwo 2/2017, Zeszyty Naukowe WSG w Bydgoszczy t. 29, s. 273-292.
[15]	Mikulski K., Proxemics in the Context of the Digital School Cognitive Science – New Media –Education Vol. 4 No. 1 (2018) s. 93 -108.
[16]	https://doi.org/10.12775/CSNME.2018.007 https://apcz.umk.pl/CSNME/article/view/CSNME.2018.007
[17]	Mikulski K., The influence of the distance between the teacher and a student for school grades.
[18]	Cognitive Science – New Media –Education Vol. 5 No. 2 (2018) s. 103 -119.
[19]	https://doi.org/10.12775/CSNME.2018.015 https://apcz.umk.pl/CSNME/article/view/CSNME.2018.015Inography
[20]	Pilotaż, serwis MEN, dostępny online: https://programowanie.men.gov.pl/
[21]	Tokar R., Legal proxemics. The proposal of a new scientific discipline, http://www.romantokarczyk.pl/proksem/proks7.htm

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APA Style

Kazimierz Mikulski. (2022). Distance Between Teacher and Students During Class, Group and Individual Classes. Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, 7(2), 46-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11

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ACS Style

Kazimierz Mikulski. Distance Between Teacher and Students During Class, Group and Individual Classes. Teach. Educ. Curric. Stud. 2022, 7(2), 46-56. doi: 10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11

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Kazimierz Mikulski. Distance Between Teacher and Students During Class, Group and Individual Classes. Teach Educ Curric Stud. 2022;7(2):46-56. doi: 10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11

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@article{10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11,
  author = {Kazimierz Mikulski},
  title = {Distance Between Teacher and Students During Class, Group and Individual Classes},
  journal = {Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {46-56},
  doi = {10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.tecs.20220702.11},
  abstract = {The research related to the context of proxemics, carried out at the turn of 2013-2021, during teacher-student classes, during which information and communication technology (ICT) was used, was included in the following publications: "Digital school proxyemics", "Digital space teacher in the context of proxemics" and "Teaching programming in the context of proxemics" and "Robotics in education in the context of proxemics". Also in the context of proxemics, completed study "Digital competences in education in the context of proxemics". Research studies give delegations to undertake a comparison, at least only of selected issues, occurring during the research and included in the studies. It should be realized that presenting selected research results in one comparison, despite other subject areas, does not violate the very idea of comparison. It can be easily noticed that both ICT and learning programming as well as elements of robotics in education are issues in the field of computer science, and digital competences are a good complement to these issues. The issues raised in the research are one of the teaching priorities in Polish education. One of the many issues included in the above-mentioned studies is the distance between the teacher and students during classes with the class, group and individual work with selected people in the class. The research posed a problem: what is the most frequently adopted distance (and thus the sphere) during classes with students and does the distance change if the form of working with these students changes? The conducted survey conducted on the educational platform of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego)  and the collection of data from the above-mentioned studies indicate the dominant distance for the personal sphere in each case, with the simultaneous shift of results in the case of working with a group or individually. The reproducibility of the obtained results is noticeable, despite the variety of research areas. The latest survey, carried out during a remote (pandemic), slightly brings different information to comparison. The curves obtained on the basis of the obtained data have the general shape of Gaussian curves, which proves a well-chosen research sample, which consisted of teachers from several provinces, working in various educational institutions. The obtained results from the research will allow both teachers and producers of teaching aids to properly prepare and conduct classes with students at various levels of education.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Distance Between Teacher and Students During Class, Group and Individual Classes
AU  - Kazimierz Mikulski
Y1  - 2022/05/07
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11
T2  - Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies
JF  - Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies
JO  - Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies
SP  - 46
EP  - 56
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-4971
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11
AB  - The research related to the context of proxemics, carried out at the turn of 2013-2021, during teacher-student classes, during which information and communication technology (ICT) was used, was included in the following publications: "Digital school proxyemics", "Digital space teacher in the context of proxemics" and "Teaching programming in the context of proxemics" and "Robotics in education in the context of proxemics". Also in the context of proxemics, completed study "Digital competences in education in the context of proxemics". Research studies give delegations to undertake a comparison, at least only of selected issues, occurring during the research and included in the studies. It should be realized that presenting selected research results in one comparison, despite other subject areas, does not violate the very idea of comparison. It can be easily noticed that both ICT and learning programming as well as elements of robotics in education are issues in the field of computer science, and digital competences are a good complement to these issues. The issues raised in the research are one of the teaching priorities in Polish education. One of the many issues included in the above-mentioned studies is the distance between the teacher and students during classes with the class, group and individual work with selected people in the class. The research posed a problem: what is the most frequently adopted distance (and thus the sphere) during classes with students and does the distance change if the form of working with these students changes? The conducted survey conducted on the educational platform of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego)  and the collection of data from the above-mentioned studies indicate the dominant distance for the personal sphere in each case, with the simultaneous shift of results in the case of working with a group or individually. The reproducibility of the obtained results is noticeable, despite the variety of research areas. The latest survey, carried out during a remote (pandemic), slightly brings different information to comparison. The curves obtained on the basis of the obtained data have the general shape of Gaussian curves, which proves a well-chosen research sample, which consisted of teachers from several provinces, working in various educational institutions. The obtained results from the research will allow both teachers and producers of teaching aids to properly prepare and conduct classes with students at various levels of education.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Kazimierz Mikulski

Department of Secondary and Special Education and Institutions, Board of Education, Bydgoszcz, Poland

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APA Style

Kazimierz Mikulski. (2022). Distance Between Teacher and Students During Class, Group and Individual Classes. Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, 7(2), 46-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11

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ACS Style

Kazimierz Mikulski. Distance Between Teacher and Students During Class, Group and Individual Classes. Teach. Educ. Curric. Stud. 2022, 7(2), 46-56. doi: 10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11

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AMA Style

Kazimierz Mikulski. Distance Between Teacher and Students During Class, Group and Individual Classes. Teach Educ Curric Stud. 2022;7(2):46-56. doi: 10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11,
  author = {Kazimierz Mikulski},
  title = {Distance Between Teacher and Students During Class, Group and Individual Classes},
  journal = {Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {46-56},
  doi = {10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.tecs.20220702.11},
  abstract = {The research related to the context of proxemics, carried out at the turn of 2013-2021, during teacher-student classes, during which information and communication technology (ICT) was used, was included in the following publications: "Digital school proxyemics", "Digital space teacher in the context of proxemics" and "Teaching programming in the context of proxemics" and "Robotics in education in the context of proxemics". Also in the context of proxemics, completed study "Digital competences in education in the context of proxemics". Research studies give delegations to undertake a comparison, at least only of selected issues, occurring during the research and included in the studies. It should be realized that presenting selected research results in one comparison, despite other subject areas, does not violate the very idea of comparison. It can be easily noticed that both ICT and learning programming as well as elements of robotics in education are issues in the field of computer science, and digital competences are a good complement to these issues. The issues raised in the research are one of the teaching priorities in Polish education. One of the many issues included in the above-mentioned studies is the distance between the teacher and students during classes with the class, group and individual work with selected people in the class. The research posed a problem: what is the most frequently adopted distance (and thus the sphere) during classes with students and does the distance change if the form of working with these students changes? The conducted survey conducted on the educational platform of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego)  and the collection of data from the above-mentioned studies indicate the dominant distance for the personal sphere in each case, with the simultaneous shift of results in the case of working with a group or individually. The reproducibility of the obtained results is noticeable, despite the variety of research areas. The latest survey, carried out during a remote (pandemic), slightly brings different information to comparison. The curves obtained on the basis of the obtained data have the general shape of Gaussian curves, which proves a well-chosen research sample, which consisted of teachers from several provinces, working in various educational institutions. The obtained results from the research will allow both teachers and producers of teaching aids to properly prepare and conduct classes with students at various levels of education.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Distance Between Teacher and Students During Class, Group and Individual Classes
AU  - Kazimierz Mikulski
Y1  - 2022/05/07
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11
T2  - Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies
JF  - Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies
JO  - Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies
SP  - 46
EP  - 56
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-4971
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.tecs.20220702.11
AB  - The research related to the context of proxemics, carried out at the turn of 2013-2021, during teacher-student classes, during which information and communication technology (ICT) was used, was included in the following publications: "Digital school proxyemics", "Digital space teacher in the context of proxemics" and "Teaching programming in the context of proxemics" and "Robotics in education in the context of proxemics". Also in the context of proxemics, completed study "Digital competences in education in the context of proxemics". Research studies give delegations to undertake a comparison, at least only of selected issues, occurring during the research and included in the studies. It should be realized that presenting selected research results in one comparison, despite other subject areas, does not violate the very idea of comparison. It can be easily noticed that both ICT and learning programming as well as elements of robotics in education are issues in the field of computer science, and digital competences are a good complement to these issues. The issues raised in the research are one of the teaching priorities in Polish education. One of the many issues included in the above-mentioned studies is the distance between the teacher and students during classes with the class, group and individual work with selected people in the class. The research posed a problem: what is the most frequently adopted distance (and thus the sphere) during classes with students and does the distance change if the form of working with these students changes? The conducted survey conducted on the educational platform of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego)  and the collection of data from the above-mentioned studies indicate the dominant distance for the personal sphere in each case, with the simultaneous shift of results in the case of working with a group or individually. The reproducibility of the obtained results is noticeable, despite the variety of research areas. The latest survey, carried out during a remote (pandemic), slightly brings different information to comparison. The curves obtained on the basis of the obtained data have the general shape of Gaussian curves, which proves a well-chosen research sample, which consisted of teachers from several provinces, working in various educational institutions. The obtained results from the research will allow both teachers and producers of teaching aids to properly prepare and conduct classes with students at various levels of education.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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